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Comparison of two methods of soil organic matter fractionantion
Fryčová, Kateřina ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Borůvka, Luboš (referee)
Comparison of two different soil organic matter fractionation methods Soil organic matter (SOM) significantly affects physical, chemical and biological properties of soils and plays also a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. In order to simulate SOM dynamics a number of mathematical models have been developed. These models divide SOM into several theoretical pools according to their stability. Unfortunately, lacking experimental procedure which could measure these pools directly, although for this purpose a wide range of fractionation procedures were developed, that are trying identified empirical fractions with theoretical model pools. An objective of this experiment was to reproduce two fractionation procedures on a set of twenty-seven laboratory-prepared samples: according to Six and according to Zimmermann and to compare their results. Also the relationship between respiration and the amount of carbon in different pools was compared. The most significant differences were found in active pools, where Six's method found twice as much carbon than Zimmermann's one. Finally response of both method results to various environmental parameters (mineral composition, litter type and soil mixing) was compared. According to the results of Zimmermann's method the amount of carbon in different pools was mainly...
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Carbon dynamics in the chernozem region after half a century of intensive cultivation
Juřicová, Anna ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Dostál, Tomáš (referee) ; Maerker, Michael (referee)
Soils are vital for global food security and recently they have also received attention as a tool potentially mitigating climate change due to their ability to store large amounts of carbon (C) and provide other vital non-productive functions. However, several forms of degradation threat these functions. In agricultural soils, the decline of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil erosion are two of the degradation processes. Soil erosion laterally redistributes large amounts of SOC in hilly agricultural landscapes. Lateral fluxes further impact the SOC storage in soils and indirectly modulate the vertical C fluxes between the terrestrial sphere and the atmosphere. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the long-term (> 50 years) regional SOC changes and analyze the impacts of soil redistribution in C dynamics in a hilly agricultural landscape. We consider soil redistribution via water and tillage as the main erosion agents. The study uses a comparison of recently resampled and legacy data from historical monitoring (the 1960s) together with coupled erosion and C dynamics modelling using the SPEROC-C model. The study is conducted in the chernozem region, south Moravia, the Czech Republic. Our results showed that the change in SOC content tends to be positive after more than 50 years. Moreover,...
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Changes in organic matter input to soil during pedogenesis as a driver of soil organic matter sequestration
Lačná, Karolína ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Vindušková, Olga (referee)
Soil organic matter is an integral part of the soil representing a reservoir of nutrients for plant and soil organisms, especially in accumulation of a biogenic element carbon (C). The accumulation and stabilisation of soil organic matter depends on several mechanisms. The input source for the creation of SOM is the plant organic matter consisting mainly of the litter and above-ground part of the plant herbal biomass. The accumulation of SOM and carbon sequestration is primarily influenced by the chemical composition and amount of OM entering the soil. In this work, the entry of OM into the soil was experimentally verified at locations with an older naturally formed soil type and man-made soil (post-mining sites). As part of the research, other types of forest cover represented by spruce and alder stand were compared. From the measured data of the individual influencing factors, it was found that the composition and quantity of OM is determinated significantly with the species composition of the forest. More plant OM was observed in the alder trees area stands on both soil types with a lower C:N ratio, whic describes better decomposable OM. By contrast, there were no statistically significant differences between areas on young and old soils. The results suggest increased concentrations of...
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Distribution of mercury in soils around current and historical sources of mercury emissions
Petlachová, Zuzana ; Navrátil, Tomáš (advisor) ; Tejnecký, Václav (referee)
This thesis provides an overview of mercury distribution in the forest soils located in vicinity of historical and current mercury emission sources. The sites were chosen around Bohemian Karst due to presence of emission source, i.e. iron production processes, cement plants, lime processing plants. The chosen sites were near municipalities of Králův Dvůr, Radotín and Hrádek u Rokycan. From these sites the soils samples were collected from organic and mineral horizons. Average mercury concentration in organic horizons was 288 µg.kg-1, organo-mineral horizons A contained 241 µg.kg-1, anthropogenic horizons M 287 µg.kg-1 and horizons B 56 µg.kg-1 only. The relations among mercury and soil components were tested. Strong link between mercury, soil organic matter (SOM) and sulfur was found. The result indicated that the origin of mercury in soil samples was atmospheric deposition rather than bedrock. High concentrations of oxalate extractable aluminum, iron and manganese in mineral horizons have been explained as the cause of bedrock weathering. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The effect of tree species on soil properties
Hüblová, Lucie ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Veselá, Hana (referee)
Soil quality and its ability to support plant growth and soil organisms is affected by the content of soil organic carbon which can also influence many soil properties. The biggest terrestrial reservoirs of carbon (C) are forests. The amount of C sequestered in soil depends on quantity and quality of organic matter returned to forest floor as leaf litter. For how long and how effectively the C will be stored in soil is largely dependent on the rate of decomposition of organic matter and stabilization mechanisms. In this work I compared data from 40 "common garden" experiments in which different tree species were planted in adjacent plots on homogenous soil. C storage was compared on three types of afforested soils with different previous land use. Forests and former arable soils represented the well- developed soils in late stages of pedogenesis. Post-mining sites represented soils where pedogenesis was in the initial state. I found out that soil age is the controlling factor of carbon sequestration. In well-developed soils more C was stored under conifers. In initial soils on post mining sites on the other hand more C was stored under broadleaves. A negative correlation between sequestered C and C:N ratio in leaf litter was found on post mining sites. The results suggest that different mechanisms...
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The effect of agricultural management on erosion and soil properties
Lišková, Kristýna ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Bartuška, Martin (referee)
The study bring a literature overview of erosion process, its impact of the soil quality and methods leading to mitigation of consequences of erosion. The factors that influence the erosion process are elaborated here, as well as the influence of erosion on on soil carbon and other soil properties. Anti-erosion measures and soil protection technologies are introduced, which significantly help to mitigate the negative impact. The measurment itself focuses on the effect of soil protection measures on soil organic carbon and microbial biomass, including activity of enzymes. An experiment established by VÚMOP was used, which monitors the influence of conventional tillage and conservation tillage (conventional tillage with seedind in wide row, loosen wasteland, conventional tillage with seeding in two-rows, strip-till with seeding in rye, no-till seeding in rye) on soil erosion. The occurrence of microbial biomass, respiration (basal and substrat-induced) and enzymatic activity, respectively phosphatase, were observed. The results show a positive influence of all observed parameters by conservation tillage, consisting in reduced of tillage. The assumption was confirmed, the areas where was used no-till or strip-till, showed better values. Key words: erosion, conservation tillage, soil organic carbon, no-till
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Assessment of the sequestration capacity of vegetation by remote sensing methods in areas of reclaimed mining dumps
PIKL, Miroslav
The study aims at estimation and mapping the amount of carbon allocated in above ground biomass of wood and in organo-mineral soil horizon at sites where reclamation and spontaneous succession took place on spoil heaps after coal mining. Several categories of data have been used to meet the objectives, namely ground field measurements, laboratory analyses of soil samples, airborne hyperspectral data from VNIR region, and airborne LiDAR scanning data. The digital imagery analysis, GIS modeling and multivariation statistical methods were applied in data assessment. The results show that there is a 7 600 tons of carbon allocated in above ground wood biomass in the area of 209 ha, and 8 100?12 200 tons in the soil A horizon in the region of the same size. The results proofed: 1/ statistically significant negative relationships (p < 0,01) between slope and amount of soil carbon, where higher negative correlation was for broad leaved species; 2/ statistically significant difference (p < 0,05) between amount of soil carbon under broad leaved and needle classes and under different species, the highest between soils under Alnus sp. and Pinus sp.; 3/ statistically significant relationships (p < 0,05) between the amount of carbon allocated in the aboveground wood biomass and that in the soil A horizon under the needle leaved class and under the spontaneous wood vegetation.
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Distribution of mercury in soils around current and historical sources of mercury emissions
Petlachová, Zuzana ; Navrátil, Tomáš (advisor) ; Tejnecký, Václav (referee)
This thesis provides an overview of mercury distribution in the forest soils located in vicinity of historical and current mercury emission sources. The sites were chosen around Bohemian Karst due to presence of emission source, i.e. iron production processes, cement plants, lime processing plants. The chosen sites were near municipalities of Králův Dvůr, Radotín and Hrádek u Rokycan. From these sites the soils samples were collected from organic and mineral horizons. Average mercury concentration in organic horizons was 288 µg.kg-1, organo-mineral horizons A contained 241 µg.kg-1, anthropogenic horizons M 287 µg.kg-1 and horizons B 56 µg.kg-1 only. The relations among mercury and soil components were tested. Strong link between mercury, soil organic matter (SOM) and sulfur was found. The result indicated that the origin of mercury in soil samples was atmospheric deposition rather than bedrock. High concentrations of oxalate extractable aluminum, iron and manganese in mineral horizons have been explained as the cause of bedrock weathering. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Soil carbon sequestration in northern part of Czech karst
Polická, Petra ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Janderková, Jana (referee)
Due to climate change there is a growing concern for soil organic carbon reservoires. The soil is the largest terrestrial pool of organic carbon and its balance is being increasingly disturbed by conversion of natural to managed ecosystem (for agriculture, forestry and urbanization). There are still large uncertainities with estimating real amount of organic carbon sequestrated in soils. Therefore a number of regional and national soil inventories and monitoring networks are currently established or tested to verify soil carbon changes. Thesis is focused on estimation of soil organic carbon pools in the area of Czech basic map Beroun 12-41-08. It evaluates available soil data and restrictions of their use. Especially is focused on comprehensive soil survey undertaken between 1961 and 1970, on soil properties change in time and how to get missing bulk densities of the soil, particularly through pedotransfer functions. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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